Beaten Down By Blood Page 35
33. Ibid.
34. Bishop, The Hell, the Humour and the Heartbreak, p. 215.
35. James Stewart, Diary 31/8/18, AWM 3DRL 1459.
36. 14th Brigade Report on Operations 31 August–2 September 1918.
37. 5th Division Report on Operations 31/8/18–2/9/18.
38. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/189/2, 53rd Battalion.
39. Ibid.
40. 14th Brigade Report on Operations 31 August–2 September 1918.
41. Bean, Diary 1/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 116.
42. 15th Brigade Report on Operations 1–5 September 1918.
43. 19th Battalion War Diary, August 1918.
44. J.J. Talbot Hobbs, Diary May–November 1918, 31/8/18-3/9/18, AWM PR82/153 Item 4.
45. Ibid.
46. J.J. Talbot Hobbs, Diary May–November 1918, 1/9/18, AWM PR82/153 Item 4.
47. James Stewart, Diary 1–2/9/18, AWM 3DRL 1459.
48. See Bean, Folder, AWM 3DRL606 Item 266 for Elliott’s comments on the conference.
49. 15th Brigade Report on Operations 1–5 September 1918; H.E. Elliott, Diary, AWM 2DRL/0513.
50. 54th Battalion Report on Operations 1–2 September 1918.
51. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/226/2, 58th Battalion.
52. H.E. Elliott, Diary, AWM 2DRL/0513.
53. Bishop, The Hell, the Humour and the Heartbreak, pp. 230–31; William Hawkins, Diary 2/9/18, SLV MSB 477; Norman Nicolson, Diary, AWM 3DRL/2715 Part 7.
54. 15th Brigade Report on Operations 1–5 September 1918.
55. Bean, Folders, AWM38 3DRL606 Item 274, article by William Smith in Reveille, 1 September 1935.
56. John Gellibrand, Papers, AWM 3 DRL 1473 Item 50.
57. Ibid.
58. Bean, Diary 1/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 116.
59. John Gellibrand, AWM 3DRL 1473 Item 38 Series 3 Military Records.
60. Harris (with Niall Barr), Amiens to the Armistice, p. 148; Pedersen, ‘Maintaining the Advance’ in Ekins (ed), 1918: Year of Victory, p. 141.
61. Stanley, Men of Mont St Quentin, pp. 82–3.
62. Monash, Australian Victories in France in 1918, p. 194.
63. John Monash, Papers, Letter to Ivor Maxse 1/9/18, NLA MS 1884 Outward Letters Series 1 Box 73 Folder 504 September 1918.
64. 15th Brigade Report on Operations 1–5 September 1918.
65. John Monash, Diary 6/9/18, NLA MS 1884 Series 5 Box 139 Folder 1034; John Gellibrand, Papers, Notebook 6/9/18, AWM 3DRL 1473 Military Records Series 3 Item 38; Charles Rosenthal, Diary 6/9/18, MLMSS 2739/1; J.J. Talbot Hobbs, Diary 6/9/18, AWM PR82/153 Item 4.
Chapter 11
1. Bidwell and Graham, Fire-Power, p. 132.
2. 41st Battalion War Diary, September 1918, Part 2.
3. 21st Battalion Report on Operations 31/8–1/9 1918.
4. Frank Brewer, Papers 1917–1919, MLMSS 1536/3, account of Alfred Edwards.
5. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 861; Jack Sheldon in correspondence with the author, November 2010.
6. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 861.
7. Philip Gibbs, New York Times, 12 September 1918.
8. Montgomery, The Story of the Fourth Army in the Battles of the Hundred Days, p. 111.
9. Monash, Australian Victories in France in 1918, p. 158.
10. Ibid., p. 184.
11. James Marshall, ‘My Story of the Big War’, Diary 2/9/18, MLMSS 1164 Item 4.
12. John Monash, Papers, AWM 3DRL/2316 Series 5/1.
13. Bishop, The Hell, the Humour and the Heartbreak, p. 217.
14. 5th Brigade Report on Operations 27/8–5/9 1918.
15. Bean, Mont St Quentin-Péronne August 27–September 6 1918, extract, AWM 3DRL 1722 Item 35; Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/227/2, 17th Battalion.
16. 6th Brigade Report on Operations 31 August–4 September 1918.
17. 18th Battalion War Diary, August 1918.
18. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/228/2, 24th Battalion.
19. 59th Battalion War Diary, September 1918.
20. 58th Battalion War Diary, September 1918, Part 2.
21. Bishop, The Hell, the Humour and the Heartbreak, pp. 232–3.
22. 6th Brigade Report on Operations 31 August–4 September 1918.
23. 5th Brigade Report on Operations 27/8–5/9 1918.
24. 33rd Battalion Report on Operations 31/8/18.
25. 19th Battalion War Diary, September 1918.
26. 33rd Battalion Report on Operations 31/8/18.
27. 10th Field Ambulance War Diary, August 1918.
28. 9th Field Ambulance War Diary, August 1918.
29. 5th Brigade Report on Operations 27/8–31/8 1918.
30. 5th Field Ambulance War Diary, August 1918.
31. 14th Brigade Report on Operations 31/8–2/9 1918.
32. 15th Field Ambulance War Diary, September 1918.
33. 6th Field Ambulance War Diary, August 1918; 14th Field Ambulance War Diary, September 1918.
34. 6th Field Ambulance War Diary, August 1918.
Chapter 12
1. John Monash, Papers, 4/10/18, AWM 3DRL/2316 Series 5/1.
2. John Williams, Anzacs, the Media and the Great War, UNSW Press, Sydney, 1999, p. 249.
3. Stanley, Men of Mont St Quentin, p. 134.
4. Bean, Diary 6/9/18, AWM38 3DRL606 Item 116.
5. The Argus, 23 November 1918; The Melbourne Herald, 2 November 1918, 19 December 1918; The Age, 9 January 1919.
6. Williams, Anzacs, the Media and the Great War, p. 249.
7. See Bean, AWM 3DRL 8039 Item 43, for copies of these newspaper articles.
8. Bean, Diary 4/9/18, AWM38 3DRL606 Item 116.
9. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 874.
10. Denis Winter, Haig’s Command: A Reassessment, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2004 (1991), p. 290.
11. Barrie Pitt, 1918: The Last Act, Transworld (Corgi), London, 1962, pp. 201–4.
12. Gary Sheffield and John Bourne (eds.), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914-1918, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2005, 30/8/18, 1/9/18.
13. Harris (with Niall Barr), Amiens to the Armistice, p. 162.
14. Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, p. 342.
15. Henry Rawlinson, Diary, 28/8/18, Churchill Archives Centre, GBR 0014 RWLN 1/11.
16. Ibid., 28/8/18, 29/8/18.
17. Ibid., 30/8/18.
18. Sheffield and Bourne (eds.), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914-1918, 1/9/18.
19. Operations Files 27/8-5/9 1918, AWM26 473/1 Fourth Army.
20. Harris (with Niall Barr), Amiens to the Armistice, pp. 167–8.
21. Edmonds, Military Operations in France and Belgium 1918, Vol. IV, p. 415.
22. Ludendorff, My War Memories 1914–1918, Vol. 2, p. 695.
23. Monash, Australian Victories in France in 1918, p. 192.
24. Niall Barr, ‘Magnificent Performance but not War? The Australian Corps at Mont St Quentin August-September 1918’, unpublished article, used with permission of the author, pp. 2, 13.
25. Operations Files 27/8-5/9 1918, AWM26 469/6 GHQ Intelligence.
Chapter 13
1. Major General John Cantwell, Mentoring Team Alpha, Afghanistan 2010, ‘A Careful War’, Part 2, Chris Masters, Four Corners, ABC, 12/7/2010.
2. Bean, Diary 4/9/18, AWM38 3DRL606 Item 116.
3. Ernest Scott, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Vol. XI: Australia During the War (7th edn.), Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1941 (1936), p. 341.
4. J.G. Roberts, Papers, SLV MS 8183 Box 265/4, letter from Frank Roberts, 23/8/18.
5. Walter Serle, letter 20/5/18, SLV MS 8486 Box 1285/4.
6. J.G. Roberts, Papers, SLV MS 8183 Box 265/4, letter from Frank Roberts, 23/8/18; Walter Serle, letter 20/5/18, SLV MS 8486 Box 1285/4.
7. Christopher Pugsley, The Anzac Experience, Reed, Auckland, 2004, p. 274.
8. Harris (with Niall Barr), Amiens to the Armistice, p. 293.
9. Harris, Douglas Haig and the
First World War, p. 512.
10. Henry Rawlinson, Diary, 26/9/18, Churchill Archives Centre, GBR 0014 RWLN 1/11.
11. Ashley Ekins, ‘Fighting to Exhaustion: Morale, Discipline and Combat Effectiveness in the Armies of 1918’ in Ekins (ed), 1918: Year of Victory, p. 129.
12. Bean, Diary 4/9/18, 8/9/18 AWM38 3DRL606 Item 116.
13. Scott, Official History, Vol. XI, pp. 254, 259.
14. Ibid., p. 738.
15. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/227/2, 59th and 60th Battalions.
16. Bean, Folder, AWM 3DRL606 Item 266.
17. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/227/2, 59th and 60th Battalions.
18. Bean, Diary 17/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 116.
19. Henry Rawlinson, Diary, 13/9/18, Churchill Archives Centre, GBR 0014 RWLN 1/11.
20. Bean, Folder, AWM 3DRL606 Item 274b.
21. Bean, Folder, AWM 3DRL 8042 Item 111f, Reveille, 30 May 1931.
22. Bean, Diary 27/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 117.
23. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/226/2, 37th Battalion.
24. 6th Brigade War Diary September 1918.
25. Bean, Folders, AWM 3DRL606 Item 274b.
26. Potter, Not Theirs the Shame Who Fight, 30/9/18, p. 187.
27. Bean, Diary 27/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 117.
28. McMullin, Pompey Elliott, p. 488.
29. Bean, Notebooks, AWM 3DRL606/227/2, 59th and 60th Battalions.
30. Bean, Diary 27/9/18, AWM 3DRL606 Item 117.
31. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 939.
32. Ibid., p. 1093.
Epilogue
1. Terraine, To Win a War, p. 187.
2. Tim Cook, ‘Bloody Victory: The Canadian Corps in the Hundred Days Campaign’ in Ekins (ed), 1918: Year of Victory, pp. 180–81.
3. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 940.
4. Bean, AWM38 3DRL606 Item 274b.
5. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 940.
6. L.V. Horniman, letter 17/7/18 AWM 1DRL/0357, KIA 1/9/18.
7. Henry Rawlinson, Diary 22/2/1919, Churchill Archives Centre GBR/0014 RWLN 1/11.
8. Martin Crotty, ‘The Veterans’ Voice: The Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia 1916-1919’ in Ekins (ed), 1918: Year of Victory, pp. 229, 230.
9. Charles Rosenthal, Diary 7/9/18, MLMSS 2739/1.
10. www.ww1westernfront.gov.au/mont-st-quentin/index.html consulted December 2009.
11. Ibid.
12. May Butler George, The Argus, 10 January 1920.
13. Herbert Bailey, AWM PR90/018.
14. Norman Nicolson, Diary, AWM 3DRL/2715 Part 7.
15. William Hawkins, Papers, SLV MSB 477; The Melbourne Age, 28 December 1918.
16. ‘The Retreat’, in a souvenir from the ship Prinz Hubertus, William Hawkins, Papers, SLV MSB 477.
17. Stanley, Men of Mont St Quentin, p. 10.
INDEX
A
aerial observation and photography 160, 180–3
The Age 230
Aisne River 7
Aizecourt-le-Haut 19, 117, 118, 123, 124, 126, 176, 179, 201, 203
Albert 2
Albert-Ham railway IX
Alderman, Edith 121
Allaines 87, 90, 92, 94–5, 118, 123, 124, 126, 170, 171, 179
Allan, Captain Herbert 70, 71, 202, 205
Amiens XVI, 2, 4, 5, 43, 161, 181, 232
Amiens-Arras railway line 7
Ancre River 7
Andrews, Jack 148, 149, 151
Anthon, Ernest 61
Anthon, Lieutenant Daniel Herbert ‘Herb’ 42, 61, 62, 71, 76–7, 190
Anvil Wood 73, 74, 96, 97, 99, 109, 114, 170, 171, 172, 173, 182, 201, 202, 204, 208
Anzac Day XIV, XVI, 116, 253
Anzac legend XIV–XVI, 135–42, 253 see also
Australian Imperial Force (AIF); diggers
Argyllshire 147, 148, 149, 150
Armitage, Gunner James 168
artillery 162–80 see also infantry weapons system
4th Field Artillery Brigade 156, 162, 165, 166, 171, 172, 178
5th Field Artillery Brigade 140, 162, 171, 178
7th Field Artillery Brigade 162, 166, 167–8
8th Field Artillery Brigade 156, 168, 176
13th Field Artillery Brigade 154
14th Field Artillery Brigade 106, 164, 177, 192
diagram of program 169, 173
heavy 163
horse-drawn limber 174
Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis XVI
Australian Flying Corps (AFC) 154
3rd Squadron 181–3
Australian Corps XV, XVI, 5, 7, 9, 22, 25, 26, 28, 34, 43, 52, 55, 71, 130, 132, 142, 162, 165, 181, 185, 193, 196, 199, 204, 205, 219, 228, 234, 239, 242, 246, 247
Australian Imperial Force (AIF) 25 see also Anzac legend; diggers
ammunition 222–3
artillery see artillery
battalions see Battalions
batteries 35–6
brigades see Brigades
casualties XVIII, 64, 82, 99, 116, 126, 148, 217, 240, 247
civilian support 240–1
communications 193–7
companies 33–4 see also Field Companies;
Machine Gun Companies
conditions 219–22
corps staff 28, 30
dead and wounded, care of 223–8
discipline 40, 42–3, 239, 242–6
divisions see Divisions
engineers see engineers
field ambulance see Field Ambulance
field companies see Field Companies
gas 179
graves and crosses 212
intelligence 199
light horse see Light Horse
machine gun companies see Machine Gun
Companies
morale and mood 132–40
platoons 34
postcards 144
recruitment 134–5, 147, 150, 237–40, 242
recruits see Gulargambone; Malver n
reputation 247
uniforms 240
Australian Red Cross Society 151, 154, 158, 241
Australian War Memorial 102, 249
B
Bailey, Arthur 154
Bailey, Frank 154
Bailey, Sapper Herbert 156, 192, 199
Bapaume 7, 199, 233
Bapaume-Péronne road X, 19, 68
Barleux 177, 206, 221
Barlow, Captain Harold 62
Bartier, Sergeant William 102
Bateman, Lieutenant Colonel William 202
Battalions
1st 243
2nd Machine Gun 91
3rd Machine Gun 158
5th Pioneer 186, 189
7th 8, 30
9th 9
11th 8
17th XI, 60, 68, 69–70, 71–2, 77, 88, 135, 172, 200, 205, 217, 218, 220 18th 42, 60, 68, 72, 73, 82, 136, 137, 202, 205, 220
19th X, 39, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 80, 135, 137, 190, 202, 205, 207, 220, 225, 246
20th IX–XII, 33, 60, 62, 68, 69, 71, 71–2, 73, 75, 76–7, 78, 86, 141, 149, 166, 172, 190, 200, 204, 205, 219, 220
21st XVIII, 8, 34, 81, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 135, 155, 156, 157, 203, 220, 238, 244–5, 246
22nd 87
23rd 81, 84–5, 87, 90, 91, 96, 154, 155, 158, 172, 194, 201, 203, 220
24th 78, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 147, 148, 149, 156, 172, 203, 220
25th 42, 123, 178, 179, 245, 246
26th 37, 118, 120
27th 123, 124, 178, 207, 222
28th 123, 124, 222
33rd 37, 58, 59, 62, 64, 94, 167–8, 196, 217, 223, 224
34th 34, 58, 145, 151, 166, 196
37th 58, 65, 166, 244, 246
38th 33, 58, 65, 67, 73, 244
39th 65, 142, 158, 244
40th 60, 67, 168, 196–7
41st 94, 141
42nd 64, 94, 246
43rd 87, 89, 90, 94, 124, 126
44th 38, 94, 126
45th 148, 149
54th 90, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 147, 149, 150, 172, 191, 195, 207, 211, 212, 220, 246
55th 96, 98, 112, 113–14, 115, 138, 147, 207, 213, 222
56th 96, 98, 105, 109, 112–14, 132, 176, 182, 203, 208, 210, 212, 213, 217
57th 104, 105, 110, 129, 156, 211
58th 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 128, 211, 212, 221
59th 104, 105, 106, 109, 114, 135, 153, 156, 211, 213, 221, 242
60th 106, 109, 199, 211, 238, 245
disbandment 243–5
structure 33
Battle of Chuignes 7–8, 161, 171
Battle of Hamel XVI, 7, 171, 183
Battle of Menin Road 77
Battle of Mont St Quentin-Péronne XVII–XVIII, 7, 25, 198–216
amended plan 30 August 1918 57
attack 31 August 1918 53
attack 1 September 1918 83
attack 2 September 1918 108
Australian achievements 141
Australian casualties 64, 82, 99, 116, 126, 217
battle procedure 39
challenges 107
final plan 67–8
German artillery 59
German casualties 126
historians’ view 232, 234
numbers 46–7
press coverage 230, 232
significance for AIF 237
successful attacks 30 August-5 September 1918 127
VCs 93
wounded 79, 82
Battle of the Scarpe 233
Battle of the Somme XVII, 4, 14
Bean, Charles XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, 8, 40, 43, 45, 56, 68, 89, 101, 102, 109, 118, 141, 159, 168, 170, 215, 228, 232, 239, 243, 245–6, 247, 249
Monash, relationship with 232, 243, 247
Official History XIV, XV, 232, 245
Beattie, Melville 155–6
Beaurevoir Line 43, 239
Berlin Wood XII, 56
Berlingots Trench 58
Berrima 77
Bessell-Brown, Brigadier General Alfred 163
Bidwell, Shelford 184, 217
Billett, Bill
Mont St Quentin: A Soldier’s Battle XVIII
Birdwood, Sir William 5, 30, 58, 244
Bishop, Private Bert 112, 114, 115, 115–16, 207, 213, 220, 222
The Hell, The Humour and the Heartbreak 115, 116
Blackmore, Lance Corporal Albert 34, 135
Blamey, Brigadier General Thomas 26, 28, 56, 204, 209
Bottomley, Mary Jane 156
Bottomley, William 156
Bouchavesnes Ridge XII, 21, 37, 38, 56, 59, 65, 89–90, 94, 126, 128, 158, 165, 175, 196, 200, 214, 215, 216, 234, 235
Quarry Farm 38, 64, 94
Bowe, John 157
Bray 7